Industry Ballistic and Stab Resistant Standards

NIJ Standard – 0101.04 Ballistic Resistance of Personal Body Armor (Revision A – June 2001) (superseded)


								number	of	shots:
Type	Round	Ammunition	Bullet Mass	Velocity	Hits at 0° angle	Max BFS	Hits at 30° angle	per panel	per sample	per threat
II-A	1	9 mm FMJ RN	8.0g 124gr.	332 m/s (1090ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	2	6	12	24
	2	40 S&W FMJ	11.7g 180gr.	312 m/s (1025ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	2	6	12	24
II	1	9 mm FMJ RN	8.0g 124gr.	367 m/s (1205ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	2	6	12	24
	2	357 Magnum JSP	8.0g 124gr.	427 m/s (1400ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	2	6	12	24
III-A	1	9 mm FMJ	8.2g 124gr.	427 m/s (1400ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	2	6	12	24
	2	44 Mag SJHP	15.6g 240gr.	427 m/s (1400ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	2	6	12	24
III	1	7.62 mm NATO M80 FMJ	9.6g 148gr.	838 m/s (2750ft/s)	6	44mm (1.73in)	0	6	12	12
IV	1	30 cal M2 AP	10.8g 166gr.	869 m/s (2850ft/s)	1	44mm (1.73in)	0	1	2	2

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PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this standard is to establish minimum performance requirements and test methods for the ballistic resistance of personal body armor intended to protect the torso against gunfire.

This standard is a general revision of NIJ Standard-0101.03, dated April 1987, updating the labeling requirements, acceptance criteria, test ammunition, procedures, and other items throughout the standard. Revision A of NIJ Standard-0101.04, dated June 2001, provides clarification to the text, methodology and test procedures of NIJ Standard-0101.04.

The scope of the standard is limited to ballistic resistance only; this standard does not address threats from knives and sharply pointed instruments, which are different types of threat.

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NIJ Standard – 0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor (July 2008)


									number	of	shots:
Type	Round	Ammunition	Bullet Mass	Velocity	Hits at 0° angle	Max BFS	Hits at 30° angle	Hits at 45° angle	per panel	per sample	per threat
II-A	1	9 mm FMJ RN	8.0g 124gr.	373 m/s (1225ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	1	1	6	12	120
	2	40 S&W FMJ	11.7g 180gr.	352 m/s (1155ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	1	1	6	12	120
II	1	9 mm FMJ RN	8.0g 124gr.	398 m/s (1305ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	1	1	6	12	120
	2	357 Magnum JSP	10.2g 158gr.	436 m/s (1225ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	1	1	6	12	120
III-A	1	357 Sig FMJ Flat Nose	8.1g 125gr.	448 m/s (1470ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	1	1	6	12	120
	2	44 Mag SJHP	15.6g 240gr.	436 m/s (1430ft/s)	4	44mm (1.73in)	1	1	6	12	24
III	1	7.62 mm NATO M80 FMJ	9.6g 147gr.	847 m/s (2780ft/s)	6	44mm (1.73in)	0	0	6	6	48
IV	1	30 cal M2 AP	10.8g 166gr.	878 m/s (2880ft/s)	1~6	44mm (1.73in)	0	0	1~6	1~6	36

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PURPOSE AND SCOPE

Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor NIJ Standard-0101.06 establishes minimum performance requirements and test methods for the ballistic resistance of personal body armor designed to protect the torso against gunfire.

The standard is limited to ballistic resistance only and does not address resistance from knives or other sharply pointed objects. It reviews NIJ body armor classifications, details requirements (e.g., acceptance criteria, workmanship and armor backing material), and discusses test methods (e.g., velocity measurement equipment, wet conditioning and test preparation).

This standard supersedes NIJ 2005 Interim Requirements, Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor (August 2005) and also supersedes NIJ Standard-0101.04 Rev. A, Ballistic Resistance of Personal Body Armor (June 2001).

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NIJ Standard – 0115.00 – Stab Resistance of Personal Body Armour


Protection Level		“E1” Strike Energy	“E2” Overtest Strike Energy
	J	ft. lbf	J	ft. lbf
1	24 ± 0.50	17.7 ± 0.36	36 ± 0.60	26.6 ± 0.44
2	33 ± 0.60	24.3 ± 0.44	50 ± 0.70	36.9 ± 0.51
3	43 ± 0.60	31.7 ± 0.44	65 ± 0.80	47.9 ± 0.59

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PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this standard is to establish minimum performance requirements and methods of test for the stab resistance of personal body armor intended to protect the torso against slash and stab threats.

This standard is based on technical work performed by many organizations: in the United Kingdom by the Police Scientific Development Branch, and in the United States by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and its subcontractors.

The scope of the standard is limited to stab resistance only. The standard does not address ballistic threats, as those are covered by NIJ Standard–0101.04, Ballistic Resistance of Personal Body Armor. The standard does not directly address slash threats; however, testing has shown that stab threats are by far the more difficult to defeat, and that body armor capable of defeating stab threats will perform satisfactorily against slash threats.

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NIJ Standard – 0108.01 Ballistic Resistant Protective Materials


Type	Ammunition	Bullet Mass	Barrel Length	Velocity	Hits Per Specimen	Penetrations
I	22 LRHV	2.6g	15~16.5cm	320 ± 12m/s	5	0
	Lead	40gr	6~6.5in	1050 ± 40ft/s
	38 Special	10.2g	15~16.5cm	259 ± 15m/s	5	0
	Lead	158gr	6~6.5in	850± 50ft/s
II-A	357 Magnum	10.2g	10~12cm	381 ± 15m/s	5	0
	JSP	158gr	4~4.75in	1250 ± 50ft/s
	9mm	8.0g	10~12cm	332 ± 12m/s	5	0
	FMJ	124gr	4~4.75in	1090 ± 40ft/s
II	357 Magnum	10.2g	15~16.5cm	425 ± 15m/s	5	0
	JSP	158gr	6~6.5in	1359 ± 50ft/s
	9mm	8.0g	10~12cm	358 ± 12m/s	5	0
	FMJ	124gr	4~4.75in	1175 ± 40ft/s
III-A	44 Magnum	15.55g	14~16cm	426 ± 15m/s	5	0
	Lead SWC Gas Checked	240gr	5.5~6.25in	1400 ± 50ft/s
	9mm	8.0g	24~26cm	426 ± 15m/s	5	0
	FMJ	124gr	9.5~10.25in	1400 ± 50ft/s
III	7.62mm 308 Winchester	9.7g	56cm	838 ± 15 m/s	5	0
	FMJ	150gr	22in	838 ± 15 m/s
IV	30~06	0.8g	56cm	868 ± 15m/s	1	0
	AP	166gr	22in	2850 ± 50ft/s

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PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this standard is to establish minimum performance requirements and methods of test for ballistic resistant protective materials. This standard supersedes NIJ Standard-0108.00, Ballistic Resistant Protective Materials, dated December 1981. This revision adds threat level III-A and establishes threat level classifications that are consistent with other NIJ standards for ballistic protection.

This standard is applicable to all ballistic resistant materials (armor) intended to provide protection against gunfire, with the exception of police body armor and ballistic helmets, which are the topic of individual NIJ performance standards [1,2]1.

Many different types of armor are now available that range in ballistic resistance from those designed to protect against small-caliber handguns to those designed to protect against high-powered rifles. Ballistic resistant materials are used to fabricate portable ballistic shields, such as a ballistic clipboard for use by a police officer; to provide ballistic protection for fixed structures such as critical control rooms or guard stations; and to provide ballistic protection for the occupants of vehicles. The ballistic resistant materials used to fabricate armor include metals, ceramics, transparent glazing, fabric, and fabric-reinforced plastics; they are used separately or in combination, depending upon the intended threat protection.

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AS/NZS 2343:1997 Standard – Australian and New Zealand Standards


Classification of Panel	Calibre	*Ammunition 3**	Measure Velocity within 2.5m of Target (m/s) *2	*Minimum Range (m) 3**	Number of Strikes	Pattern of Strikes
Class G0	9mm Military Parabellum	MK 2Z Standard 9mm 7.4g metal case bullet	405 ± 15	3	3	Shot centres 100mm (+10; -10mm) apart forming an equilateral triangle within square of 200mm per side centrally located on panel
Class G1	357 Magnum	10.2g Soft point semi-jacketed flat nose	405 ± 15	3	3
Class G2	44 Magnum	15.6g Soft Point semi-jacketed flat nose	480 ± 15	3	3
Class R1	5.56mm	M 193 5.56mm 3.6g full metal case bullet	980 ± 15	10	3	Shot centres 100mm (+10; -10mm) apart forming an equilateral triangle within square of 200mm per side centrally located on panel
Class R2	7.62mm	NATO Standard 7.62mm 9.3g full metal case bullet	850 ± 15	10	3
Class S0	12 Gauge (Full Choke)	12 Gauge 70mm high velocity magnum 32g SG shot	400 ± 20	3	2	Shot Centres 100mm (+20-0mm) apart with a square of 200mm per side centrally located on panel
Class S1	12 Gauge (Full Choke)	12 Gauge 70mm 28.35g single slug	450 ± 20	3	2

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* Class G: simulated attack by handgun
* Class R: simulated attack by rifle
* Class S: simulated attack by shotgun

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Standard specifies requirements for bullet-resistant panels and elements according to their performance in preventing penetration by projectiles discharged from firearms under controlled conditions.

This Standard applies to transparent, opaque and translucent panels and other components including but not restricted to frames, mullions, voice transfer louvres and pass-through devices (elements).

MIL-STD-662F – V50 Ballistic test for Armor

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1. SCOPE
1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to provide general guidelines for procedures, equipment, physical conditions, and terminology for determining the ballistic resistance of metallic, nonmetallic and composite armor against small arms projectiles.

The ballistic test procedure described in this standard determines the V50 ballistic limit of armor.
1.2 Application. This test method standard is intended for use in ballistic acceptance testing of armor and for the research and development of new armor materials. This ballistic test method is applicable to the following types of armor:
a. Body armor.
b. Armored seats for aircraft and ground vehicles.
c. Crew station armor for military aircraft.
d. Internal and external armor for aircraft.
e. Transparent armor, such as windows, windshields and vision blocks for aircraft and ground vehicles.
f. Bulkhead armor for shipboard use.
g. Structural or integral armor for use on ship exteriors.
h. Armor for military tactical shelters (AFWAL-TR-82-4163).
i. Visors for eye and face protection.
j. Armor for potential space applications.
k. Armor for light and heavy combat vehicles and structures.

EN Standard – European Standard EN 1063: 1999 Security Glazing Ballistic Standard


Type	Calibre	Cartridge	Velocity	No. Shots	Shot Spacing	No. Samples	Test Temp
BR1	.22 LR	40 grain Lead Round Nose	1048~1214 ft/sec	3	4.3~5.1in Triangle	3	55~73F
BR2	9mm Luger	124 grain Full Steel Jacket Round Nose Soft Core	1280~1345 ft/sec	3	4.3~5.1in Triangle	3	55~73F
BR3	.357 Magnum	158 grain Full Steel Jacket Conned Soft Core	1378~1444 ft/sec	3	4.3~5.1in Triangle	3	55~73F
BR4	.44 Magnum	240 grain Full Copper Jacket Flat Nose Soft Core	1411~1476 ft/sec	3	4.3~5.1in Triangle	3	55~73F
BR5	5.56 x 45 NATO (.223 Remington)	62 grain type SS109 (Steel Penetrator)	3084~3150 ft/sec	3	4.3~5.1in Triangle	3	55~73F
BR6	7.62 x 51 NATO (.308 Winchester)	147 grain Full Steel Jacket (M80)	2690~2756 ft/sec	3	4.3~5.1in Triangle	3	55~73F
BR7	7.62 x 51 NATO (.308 Winchester)	150 grain Full Copper Jacket Steel Hard Core	2657~2723 ft/sec	3	4.3~5.1in Triangle	3	55~73F
SG1	12 Gauge	478 grain Solid Lead Brenneke Slug (1.09 ounce)	1312~1444 ft/sec	1	n/a	3	55~73F
SG2	12 Gauge	478 grain Solid Lead Brenneke Slug	1312~1444 ft/sec	3	4.3~5.1in Triangle	3	55~73F

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NATO AEP-55 STANAG 4569 – Protection levels for Occupants of Logistic and Light Armoured Vehicles


Level	KE Threat	Bullet	Distance	Velocity*
I	Rifle	7.62 x 51 NATO Ball (Ball M80)	30 Metres	833m/sec (M80)
		5.56 x 45 NATO SS109		900m/sec (SS109)
		5.56 x 45 M193		937m/sec (M193)
II	Infantry Rifle	7.62 x 39 API BZ	30 Metres	695m/sec
III	Sniper Rifle	7.62 x 51 AP (WC core)	30 Metres	930m/sec (51 AP)
		7.62 x 54R B32 API (Dragunov)		854m/sec (54R)
IV	Heavy Machine Gun	14.5x114AP / B32	200 Metres	911m/sec
V	Automatic Cannon	25mm APDS-TM-791 or TLB 073	500 Metres	1258m/sec

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* Velocity tolerance is ± 20m/sec.

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This AEP describes the system qualification and acceptance procedure for determining the Protection Level of logistic and light armoured vehicles (LAV) for KE and artillery threats. The threats to be considered are small and medium caliber kinetic energy (KE) ballistic projectiles and fragment simulating penetrators (FSP) representing artillery shell fragments, as defined in STANAG 4569 Annex A (summarised in Annex A of the AEP-55).

This process includes standard techniques and reproducible test procedures for evaluating the ballistic resistance of vehicle armour components (integral, add-on, opaque and transparent) as well as the required vehicle Vulnerable Area assessment.

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